From c7335f68f1dbd29df4e4e4146100ad71e0595d76 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Kennedy Date: Mon, 5 May 2025 01:37:01 -0400 Subject: [PATCH] feat: add opamp internal diagram --- Final.tex | 25 +++++++++++++++++++++---- opamp_internal.jpg | Bin 0 -> 13901 bytes 2 files changed, 21 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) create mode 100644 opamp_internal.jpg diff --git a/Final.tex b/Final.tex index bb2475b..7aa2ed2 100644 --- a/Final.tex +++ b/Final.tex @@ -49,20 +49,37 @@ Please observe the conference page limits. \caption{A first-order high-pass filter} \begin{circuitikz}[american voltages] \draw - (0,2) node[above=0.2cm]{$v_{in}$} to [short, o-] [R, l_=$R_1$] (1.5,2) coordinate (IN) + (0,2) node[left=0cm]{$v_{in}$} to [short, o-] [R, l_=$R_1$] (1.5,2) coordinate (IN) (3,3) to [R, l_=$R_2$] (5.375,3) coordinate (FB) (3,2) node[op amp, noinv input down, anchor=-](OA) {} - (OA.-) to [short, *-] ++(0, 1) + (OA.-) to [short, o-] ++(0, 1) (OA.-) to [C=$\frac{1}{sC}$] (IN) - (OA.+) to ++(0,-0.5) node[ground]{} + (OA.+) to [short, o-] ++(0,-0.5) node[ground]{} (OA.out) to ++(0, 0) coordinate (OUT) to (FB) - (OUT) to [short, *-o] ++(1,0) node [right=0.2cm]{$v_{out}$} + (OUT) to [short, *-o] ++(0.5,0) node [right=0.2cm]{$v_{out}$}; + \node (v_p) [above=0cm] at (OA.+) {$v_p$}; + \node (v_p) [below=0cm] at (OA.-) {$v_n$}; ; \end{circuitikz} \end{figure} +A more accurate representation of the op-amp foregoes the assumption, +oft made regarding op-amps wired in a feedback configuration, that +$v_n = v_p$. Avoiding this assumption requires a more precise +description of the properties of the op-amp itself, describing its +input resistance $R_i$, output resistance $R_o$, and the relationship +between the input and output - the open-loop gain $A$. Figure +\ref{img:opamp_internal} depicts such a model. + +\begin{figure}[h] + \caption{A more accurate depiction of an op-amp} + \label{img:opamp_internal} + \centering + \includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{opamp_internal} +\end{figure} + \section{Ease of Use} \subsection{Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications} diff --git a/opamp_internal.jpg b/opamp_internal.jpg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d146f96be48b7ee0dc9dc85283be8c874562ef4b GIT binary patch literal 13901 zcmeHt2UHa4wr)X_qeRIKk~5M71R6xLWRMI3A{itoD4_ub5fKCl5(Fe8NhRkf8Ofkc z4w8`|nWp;{&Wz)kbMD-G-#hEBx7K^Oe)=!Es;nJq?{9y5qd%i(feUI%s!9L`1_tl~ z{0E@t024(YhdThEp#ks!0DuQzLofhraEAddH3;O#=lLGcx$xWm{6L2czyd$OEj7Ci z`Jemq^8k#{bO3lCg`NNu06ZKVTpVmXTwGjyd^`doN@5~HLLypn3Q|f&Iw%t(9RmY1 zn*b;CB|cUL2CggId_tE+MMa^Uk}?v)(gGr)!sj=^z{kfYA|#?ACZ-W)VPFydZ~vg1 z05UubH;fGk#w7rg3`ur5G-sQTs(XNLhyw03jiht1cHeL z!N$e{#l`RkzX!0$u*q32%i~b!Sm9oBrxXr~euKw)?R_(q?%+0?h_y#BJ^}Sb8d^Gb z4o)s^9#JvzD-x1Y3fC2tlvPyK^z;pG8X6g!*xa_gV`uN+=;?LuzPHbVhmRhIggyy- z8Xog9HZDHlRbo;`W>$7iZeIS|52a=06_r)hH7%`eAKN=RySj&lM@GlSKYu~Y%`Yr| zU0PmQUEA6HzPEpHcyxSnE*Ay>`Aw{!lKn+4GEgo|EG!5X?zvnTnBL%mkYQo7T*e`n z*TJ=Nr??~>ghzQT`px@hd{z}(v(K+^=bJ2cC_Foe$_NgXR;8M{pP}>a znpv|VrG7l6jw0~K^0c*ZTtMDu*mI`=3`I)qfB&Mg*hQ!pz<^)AocM;ju8JYt)8m{|Sv4tQ(5DqS-cC zo3py(aGwluZCBcTnV1DTQu6^bK|EoPY0NxfST@&3Bi2V{k?E&nZU_9!XGC;qUrEsb zeTk@6NCR`#__q>R+1QYHmA7%_OKz+baY~Gr`&3!1wC3G6h4Up_y2+|HVs8orWtgvQ zJJ*aA@8fhJD+mCT-G0&AzO2;H_bx>S!Qot4+B%Aq0JtzdIW+FdIyLSu+o6FsTIP(N zNp8rfq^+|DU(mpc-ncU8-;V=@HF;UeY2kBx>ZF$gJ~<~@U;RdsSu&6Wl;*G0xW2y- ziTcESuv@4^tCeTfiR5KoK`h01+nuW2mEU}ApY|q)R#qiWb2Nwzxd+z#N zLrnD|*hfyTw=KIg3W2`i$hwO%lHJ1?95fq0sHo5KtEosl_>2p69G164-K?$iMsLW#<=tA@za_V z0^)V|83wB$skG%k<&Bjs_l= zUw&iiAGN{%a?vmK&VGlCNW{2KzT^EG&1BC!^KSC#X%W`cI)Ys;S=dBFF>9Kl&))9m z@7JrNmGjMPw)>amn3`>@9C8pvMR9faw*}NX=w^v_eG0^g>wB+=@AMOe@2I>P44MrV zCRW3f!4n0_z-U4BGXKa;ZPeEI8~?Q_!O7~!ufA$!mWUN80-hYhZ8Z{oaU&)ltI$CF zmD`F!OhXu6Pw&~{WM!8)% z9jQ;0yDf?##1hCHOzN&~Hn?4faG04p({y4%1G1%eoIE!uQ%aCnQQ43-?-S#Rl2zeW zn)L^EiE~If`tcnz-vL~8MT2)Eh2`q*?l#`Uy~;=PcU$)g^v~ag|Knvqtff4>9~Q%Z zZB&4a-XpXhr(~3V;>)J_O-Avh4YHVlvRi`Vo&-QwRC54zECo}d^PH+)`O{`bWfN~C z^E4eANWTG1L<4l$b5pvT{9D&nDu?czc&L?``Av~n<`vhxRr}P|V%EJ3Lj!nMLK{~o zaF^iiQAhH1VrW3_6-)#rHZZ8G(+_VUo+~-QYCcZe$wXanBZd!fkoKa1=U$@PxH5lp zsT{-MKRgC(4rhD(4D%MU|7cu65x6VPL^{B>lUnMGxXnRR@FK6V`8lBx0Bb0EZsC-q;<1fEPT2*M3zILM3 z_hzkkJ2L*^Q{nUjW7!kb)jUW}Ms@j){d+5D7$4`*=M?;j!}w(sLXZ#)kQ3%u7cWd* zD>dzoX9-Aa3*W?U%hTdipGM(+DJ*i&>X(i7=wRRI#OpZA`=pIBKFo8K*2(|E=P`ZcF^|V& zKj)y)t5H__7#CPBAXsfz=>t5Kb#|Dd(Etmhq!{nLb+~iEgG~CTF9meLzWMm|CHA7~pM-bG4Woe#T6Z*%$&yYI z{EHu9RyX3Go%y0#hCmR(ZO-l~OOhmMX}LRPNmtgiDcOvO#Tc@V(9285nLqzc;@b}2 z1+-33AUqs;wf=??+Y==M#t?tl`U&WFYBt4zUcW_Web0&3dxQ$^Uv8BwD%X3} z#xl6lo(wI^aABstE^s(0uS(OZ3tf_4@Y1Bm9XO$@HbO*&l+`QEP95_*`9~1eDqmJV z`moQ`aVg(rM=3(7{fSvQqk=Vk2-LD_8FhT_!>#XjEE0Y1^0PnSD~UqZOy$OL&XN-E z(-t*(4*g3jNXnRjVLM9HSK_O!y1m8PoWcv5+dP<3_qve0`IB!d7H=OEE)Q&cD&crb zt>CrumTZYJOF-rLp?gwW`MbK>;f+htjBcr`u5NZ-%sIoa-)hZ1g0?2r)2Y7?cjZ5R z?N6zr?feIH|GUp0h_B}Gcf@C?Y_^n)23Wt!QVjiKZey6-jwd;Kxk9<6?K^f9@zb0y5x z&(aI8Tzd?m?}A_saByGi*rO_;>zIEoVlsS>QmOLvMtnL~GlEJ5rmbZHtOQ|UO3|4t zN|WYK78+VGjI#0Pukx`9OxZm~0|hT0F5dNDFZuC?k-$L*6wEz?8>4~M8}|lCf~(O0 zEgI--NZUUHfpPZbaXBf1-?K=;j5&W?N+mJF2Q0IVaN!OAK!zk>cM3&QbCf(!zj;SS z_^LWhW`$y+9(i|wolEYPkhEQq7Yg%{j;dJVSL691j+&{QW(k%UX%9K+w=W||W}e^j z@oniZ_7ff5*e7&)=C7w)mGsS^>S-qTW#=4WNhr_WzS!WAZ(Aj6%ZbTayrGWct}r6` zf%R>>7k2!er&aV%X`2q`1Eo%Q1vN&K4z(NJ#gj39Ow>4qdc0U*#f79wLbXgr(g~76 z6Kx7il3lJ1(dVgt>Uts6Um~+kfg+nyRzEIdw74GORocMe(-8D@x-p0qQRB!3No3+l z*1RgMkfUK0Njw6tuY_$22{&#t^QM>ARn!OFDNmKmu!{5fd|teTVcm)dU;b9dnp@s# zzS<`q=c9R}LgU?Ku!56a2)Gm|MZlYQrGb4gRFH4jr~7QHbg;Xlsv!5UzlJ9i8ntno3_3#v|q9tiJK~h-E*T+yB&$zs_eDT}g~FFjG|ABd6<{F{eIW2 z1Z{)17&(%$!;_QY@_LV+R)lj>XvP*}q0jVMNX25H1jGKNm+}oGVvHR0ueCH>q*kBw zVZ4x)*@ZGenlz)vvh9F0ZdEtsWPhIh(9cY8>eI}f;xyw?mpu)p zb-h}bcN6XA^;+pni#uj$Ajm6mXlU7Tq)95LxaEN|ayJTE8{v!HF>epCa3gU@5I-2( zA}Sy*w3djWe|m|aj>s=UWVrs8y)5~#@xGQ6{l^J7bJUsez3xpjCTJ>h+$r1ynD=wA z5>JrHeOC7QOL1BAhb6Ifnf%jkf3>r@qj7T^Uz|)E?9IYp6;Am}Lf`N@^Ao8C3IP3x z3%=oVNTKDHX|9^>*sN#V;Jf6krP$wparObzmvoXfFwOppa5Y0;^{kbj7xLk1tuZ~2 z!c`UVGH8RCd1w3yn4Y1_C}bBJXdA#)R`hJ#e(mFpg7=>tzeEF1Gf@;JBxs=j7!5QE z!*@h626fElz^ibPZKS`QQLL`NL;6%8%aRJAz~1;|?@Lvg*Co@c{_frA&wvNUULWu< z#BRpHeR|s10-wm6+PPi4U5VyaFifz!s)WJmVSLU>K-}B|Z*x&ggojkHa%@Tl8fbcD z!!*iKKc6pFg6r_YzF1FZ91XaWnzf<<8KZ^Mx^Q6AYg3$2l4G|=y0p_a$xzaPAy60& z0FXdzvtpZO6w4J9t*~R{JB!ucvGK2+80J#%4_I+`@|7d~BwD%ip6Ct6b26XdF$~}; 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